antithesis

antithesis Antithesis[ Ã‚“ Ã‚ °Ã‚ Ã‚ »Ã‚‘ÂÅ' Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ Ã‚ µÃ‚‘€Â Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ã‚ ½]In order to characterize a thing or phenomenon from a specific point of view, it may be necessary not to find points of resemblance or association between it and some other thing or phenomenon, but to find points of sharp contrast, that is, to set one against the other, for example:"A saint abroad, and a devil at home." (Bunyan)"Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven." (Milton)A line of demarcation must be drawn between logical opposition and stylistic opposition. Any opposition will be based on the contrasting features of two objects. These contrasting features are represented in pairs of words which we call antonyms, provided that all the properties of the two objects in question may be set one against another, as 'saint' -'devil', 'reign'-'serve', 'hell'-'heaven'.Many word-combinations are built up by means of contrasting pairs, as up and down, inside and out, from top to bottom and the l ike.Antithesis of LightStylistic opposition, which is given a special name, the term antithesis, is of a different linguistic nature: it is based on relative opposition which arises out of the context through the expansion of objectively contrasting pairs, as in:"Youth is lovely, age is lonely,Youth is fiery, age is frosty;" (Longfellow)Here the objectively contrasted pair is 'youth' and 'age'. 'Lovely' and 'lonely' cannot be regarded as objectively opposite concepts, but being drawn into the scheme contrasting 'youth' and 'age', they display certain features which may be counted as antonymical. This is strengthened also by the next line where not only 'youth' and 'age' but also 'fiery' and 'frosty' are objective antonyms.It is not only the semantic aspect which explains the linguistic nature of antithesis, the structural pattern also plays an important role. Antithesis is generally moulded in parallel construction. The...

Biography of Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the U.S.

Biography of Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the U.S. Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911–June 5, 2004) was the oldest president to serve in office. Before turning to politics, he had been involved in the movie industry not only through acting but also through serving as the president of Screen Actors Guild. He was the governor of California from 1967–1975. Reagan challenged Gerald Ford in the 1976 presidential election for the Republican nomination but ultimately failed in his bid. However, he was nominated by the party in 1980 to run against President Jimmy Carter. He won with 489 electoral votes to become Americas 40th president. Fast Facts: Ronald Wilson Reagan Known For: 40th president of the U.S., who led the country during the height of the Cold War.Also Known As: Dutch, The GipperBorn: Feb. 6, 1911 in Tampico, IllinoisParents: Nelle Clyde (nà ©e  Wilson), Jack ReaganDied: June 5, 2004 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: Eureka College  (Bachelor of Arts, 1932)Published Works: The Reagan DiariesHonors and Awards: Lifetime gold membership in the Screen Actors Guild, National Speakers Association  Speaker Hall of Fame,  United States Military Academys  Sylvanus Thayer AwardSpouse(s): Jane Wyman (m.  1940–1949), Nancy Davis  (m.  1952–2004)Children: Maureen, Christine, Michael, Patti, RonNotable Quote: Every time the government is forced to act, we lose something in self-reliance, character, and initiative. Early Life and Career Reagan was born on Feb. 5, 1911, in Tampico, a small town in northern Illinois. He attended and graduated from Eureka College  in Illinois in 1932 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Reagan began his career as a radio announcer that same year. He became the voice of Major League Baseball. In 1937, he became an actor after signing a seven-year contract with Warner Brothers. He moved to Hollywood and made about 50 movies. Reagan was part of the Army Reserve during World War II and was called  to active duty after Pearl Harbor. He was in the Army from 1942 to 1945, rising to the rank of captain. However, he never took part in combat and remained stateside. He narrated training films and was in the Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit. Reagan was elected Screen Actors Guild president in 1947 and served until 1952, and served again from 1959 to 1960. In 1947, he testified before the House of Representatives concerning Communist influences in Hollywood. From 1967 to 1975, Reagan was the governor of California. 40th President Reagan was the obvious choice for the Republican nomination in 1980. George H.W. Bush was chosen to run as his vice president. He was opposed by President Jimmy Carter. The campaign centered on inflation, the gasoline shortage, and the Iran hostage situation. Reagan won with 51 percent of the popular vote and 489 out of 538 electoral votes. Reagan became president as America entered the worst recession in its history since the Great Depression. This led to the Democrats taking 26 Senate seats from Republicans in the 1982 election. However, recovery soon began and by 1984, Reagan easily won a second term. In addition, his inauguration brought an end to the Iran Hostage Crisis. More than 60 Americans were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979–January 20, 1980) by Iranian extremists. President Carter had attempted to rescue the hostages, but the attempt was unsuccessful due to mechanical failures. Sixty-nine days into his presidency, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley, Jr., who justified the assassination attempt as an effort to woo actress Jodie Foster. Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity. While in recovery, Reagan wrote a letter to then-Soviet Leader  Leonid Brezhnev hoping to find common ground. However, he would have to wait until  Mikhail Gorbachev took over in 1985 before building a better relationship with the Soviet Union and easing tensions between the two nations. Gorbachev ushered in an era of glasnost, greater freedom from censorship and of ideas. This brief period lasted from 1986 to 1991 and ended with the fall of the Soviet Union during the presidency of George H.W. Bush. In 1983, the U.S. invaded Grenada to rescue threatened Americans. They were rescued and the leftists were overthrown. Reagan was easily elected to a second term in 1984 after running against Democratic challenger Walter Mondale. Reagans campaign stressed that it was Morning in America, meaning that the country had entered into a new, positive era. Iran-Contra Scandal and Second Term One of the major issues of Reagans second administration was the Iran-Contra scandal, also called the Iran-Contra Affair, or just Irangate. This involved several individuals throughout the administration. In exchange for selling arms to Iran, money would be given to the revolutionary Contras in Nicaragua. The hope was also that by selling arms to Iran, terrorist organizations would be willing to give up hostages. However, Reagan had spoken out that America would never negotiate with terrorists. The Congress held hearings delving into the Iran-Contra scandal in mid-1987. Reagan eventually apologized to the nation for what had happened. Reagan completed his term on January 20, 1989, after several important meetings with Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev. Death Reagan retired after his second term to California. In 1994, he announced he had Alzheimers Disease and left public life. He died of pneumonia on June 5, 2004. Legacy One of the most important events that occurred during Reagans administration was the growing relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Reagan created a bond with Soviet leader Gorbachev, who instituted a new spirit of openness or glasnost. This would eventually lead to the downfall of the Soviet Union during President H.W. Bushs term in office. Reagans largest significance was his role in helping to bring about that downfall. His massive buildup of weapons, which the USSR could not match, and his friendship with Gorbachev helped usher in a new era that eventually caused the breakup of the USSR into individual states. His presidency was marred, however, by the events of the Iran-Contra Scandal. Reagan also adopted an economic policy whereby tax cuts were created to help increase savings, spending, and investment. Inflation went down and after a time, so did unemployment. However, a huge budget deficit was created. A number of terrorist acts occurred during Reagans time in office, including the April 1983 bombing attack on the U.S. embassy in Beirut. Reagan claimed that five countries typically harbored aided terrorists: Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Nicaragua. Further, Muammar Qaddafi of Libya was singled out as the primary terrorist. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Ronald Reagan.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009.â€Å"‘Morning in America.’†Ã‚  Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association.

The role of regulation and crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The role of regulation and crisis - Essay Example The subprime crisis was also an outcome of negligence of financial regulatory body as well as the professionals engaged in accounting and auditing process. To have a better understanding of financial crisis the role of government, regulatory body, accounting system & standards, political environment and capitalism needs an analysis. From 2001, the Lamfalussy framework was introduced in EU system of supervision and regulation. The framework was arranged in four separate levels and published by European council (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: European Union Committee, 2009, p.12). These regulations are responsible for making the accounting and auditing process more transparent. After the great depression, International Monitory Fund and World Bank were established to avoid the causes which actually results into depression. But these regulatory bodies are almost 65 years old and are ill equipped to handle the complex banking environment of 21st century. Almost all the major economies have their own regulatory bodies, like Financial Services Authority (FSA) of UK and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in US, but they failed to check the financial crisis. Even the Basel II Accord agreement that was published in 2004 failed to detect and control credit crunch. Many banks are blaming Mark to Mark et system for development of such a disastrous financial crisis (Rayner, 2008). The financial system is based on the trust and faith, but collapse of Lehman Brothers, Bank of America and PNC Bank Corp are few examples of how the policymakers and regulators failed to maintain people’s faith in them. Most surprisingly America’s financial system failed to manage risk and proper allocation of capital (Stiglitz, 2008). Fair Value Accounting or US Accounting Standard FAS 157 is basically used for determining fair value or market value of the assets and the liability. Many critics argued that fair value accounting is highly

Discussion Board 4-2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 4-2 - Assignment Example She said that she is currently in possession of a gun, but she does not know whether she would actually use it. This calls for confidentiality, which is a basic and long-standing legal and ethical principle that is recognized in all helping professions, and counselors must realize how confidentiality applies in specific counseling situations in order to minimize the likelihood of their being required to divulge confidential client information against their will. Marcie indicates that her mother accompanied her for the appointment and is in the waiting room, but she stresses the importance of keeping the sissu from her mother. Here, respecting diversity, a fundamental factor in protecting client welfare and promoting client dignity must be applied. As such, this delicate situation be handled more in acordance with the ethics orientation that tends to focus on client welfare and protection, than a legal orientation that focuses more on protecting the

Symbolism in Hardys Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in Hardys Essay Symbolism in Hardys Far from the madding crowd Hardy uses striking symbolism in the novel Far from the madding crowd to serve his purposes and attain the desired effects on the reader. The memorable descriptions of the great barn, the sword play and the storm-are all enriched with eloquent symbolism. It makes the events vivid before us and broadens the scope of the novel. In the opening chapters, Gabriel spies on Bathsheba ridiculously from behind a hedge, commenting on her vanity. He beholds Bathsheba though a hole, tending her aunts cows, in a birds eye view. From the loopholes of his hut, he watches her engaging in tomboyish antics on her horse. All these symbolize Gabriels limited view point and his candid nature. In chapter 2 ,, Hardy presents a magnificent description of Norcombe hill. The stately progress of the earth is contrasted to oaks special power of quiet energy. The innocent and helpless stirrings of the new-born lamb and the movements of the stars and the earth are contrasted to symbolize the frailty of human existence. In chapter 5, The landscape of Norcombe Hill seems symbolize Gabriels utter despair. The moon takes the form of an attenuated skeleton and the pool shimmers like ahead mans eye-nature seems to intertwine with Gabriels despair. Against the colorless background of the river and the wall. Fanny is contrasted as a mere shade upon the earth. This symbolizes her nullity and despair. Hardy also uses the framing device to symbolize Fannys weakness. She gazes up to converse with Troy framed in a window of his barracks . The white color of the snow mixing with the sky symbolizes the obsession of Boldwoods passion . The queer preternatural inversion of light and shade reflects the absurdity of his intense emotional state. The sheep-shearing scene at the barn abounds in rich symbolism. The shearing operations that have not been mutilated for long years are contrasted to the adapted to changes coming to the lives of the main characters of the novel. The detailed descriptions of the activities done in the great barn for each sheep symbolizes the declining prospects of Oak, the rising hopes of Boldwoods mind and the comments made by the rustics -all basing on the same lady. There is also sexual symbolism in this same chapter. The appalled ewe is subdued by Oak and Bathsheba regards the ewes sheared pink skin resembles a lady who blushes at the insult . the ewe emerging from the its fleece is compared to the Goddess of love which symbolizes the sexual intensity of Oaks violent passion. Gabriel, piqued by Bathshebas growing intimacy with Boldwood, injures a sheep in the groin-the entire scene symbolizes Oaks harmful sexual impulses toward Bathsheba. Troys spur entangles with Bathshebas dress-it symbolizes the trap of flattery which would be prepared by Troy for her. The spur is the symbol of sex and the dress of Bathsheba is a symbol of femininity -the male aggressive masculinity has trapped femininity. However, the scene of the sword play contains the greatest symbolism in the novel. The hollow in which the sword play is performed evokes the sexual potential of the relationship between Troy and Bathsheba. The setting is described with rich feminine imagery that sets up the erotic tone of the entire tone of the entire scene while Bathsheba herself is passionately excited . Time and place are made clear at once and so is Bathshebas desire for male domination . The sword is used here as a symbol of male virility . At different points ,Hardy uses striking imagery to link man and sword -Troy raises the sword amid the fading sunlight , which gleamed a sort of greeting, like a living thing Troy is methodical and controlled ,the whole atmosphere is turned meteoric and charged . Troy demonstrates the murderous and blood-thirsty cuts of which the sword is capable . Then he splits a caterpillar upon her bosom which glisten towards her bosom and ,seemingly entered it . Troy wins and Bathsheba is quite overcome having her passions spent . Troy takes off her lock of hair as a trophy. Troy departs in a flash , like a brand . The simile symbolizes the harmful nature of the passion he has aroused. The storm scene in chapter 36-38 contain rich symbolism. The flashes symbolize the blinding truth of Bathshebas predicament and her womanish folly. But the relation between her and Oak strengthens as the thatch begins to conceals the Ricks. And when the storm comes, it is described with extended imagery ,the mailed army of lightning springs like a serpent , with the shout of a fiend . Hardy uses such imagery to convey the forces of nature hostile to human beings . The scene of chapter 44 is significant as it indicates Bathshebas return to the same hollow where sword-play was performed by Troy. The aforesaid hollow is now turned into a malignant swamp. The swamp is the symbol of utter despair into which Bathsheba has fallen . The symbolism goes far deeper as Bathsheba had seen the place before when she was captivated by Troy at the sword play. At that time , the ferns were soft , feathery arms caressing her feet but now they are withering fast and the hollow is a nursery of pestilences . The two different states of the hollow reflects the two opposing states of mind and suggests the outcome of marriage with Troy . Now she has understood the implications of her marriage and she herself and Nature are fused as the leaves rush away in the breeze. This symbolizes Nature as a stark force and implies that the parallel between Nature and human mood should not be pursued by man.

Challenging The Institution of Sport and Its Values: The Costs and Benefits of Female Athletes in M :: Film Films Movies Sports Women Essays

Challenging The Institution of Sport and Its Values "Sport is not an expression of some biological human need," writes Michael Messner, "it is a social institution. Like other institutions, such as the economy, politics, and the family, the structure and values of sport emerge and change historically, largely as a result of struggles for power between groups of people" (8). Indeed, changing the structure of any the institution is a struggle that is not by any means easily won. The institution of sport presents a unique set of boundaries to overcome with regard to gender equality in male-dominated sports. Both men and women take big risks when they forge new ground by competing in a sport that is traditionally dominated by the opposite sex. This paper will discuss the costs and benefits of women competing in predominately male-dominated sports by examining Karyn Kusama's Girlfight and Pumping Iron II: The Women. In Karyn Kusama's Girlfight (2000), Diana Guzman is a tough young woman, struggling to get by in a low-income area of the Brooklyn. After continued disciplinary problems in school, Diana channels her aggression into training to become a boxer. She fights to assert herself both inside and outside of the boxing ring: inside the ring, she proves that she is a strong and athletically talented young (woman) boxer; outside of the ring, she fights to define and prove herself in a broken home. After proving her strength when she defended her brother Tiny in a sparring match at the gym, Diana asks Hector to train her to become a boxer. Hector replies, "You can train, but you can't compete...you just can't. Girls don't have the same power as boys." Hector's response, and the response of most of the men in her life is indicative of the function and effect of power in the institution of sport. Michael Messner argues: "The structure and values of sport are largely shaped by, and in the interests of, those who hold power...power is not simply a top-down, one-way process in which dominant groups assert and enforce their rules, values, and beliefs over dominated groups. Rather, power is a process in which dominated groups may partially accept, but also attempt to redefine, negotiate, or even reject, the ruling group's rules, values, and meanings" (12). Diana proves to Hector, and her competitors, that her strength and athleticism are not only comparable to her male counterparts, but often far exceeds them. Challenging The Institution of Sport and Its Values: The Costs and Benefits of Female Athletes in M :: Film Films Movies Sports Women Essays Challenging The Institution of Sport and Its Values "Sport is not an expression of some biological human need," writes Michael Messner, "it is a social institution. Like other institutions, such as the economy, politics, and the family, the structure and values of sport emerge and change historically, largely as a result of struggles for power between groups of people" (8). Indeed, changing the structure of any the institution is a struggle that is not by any means easily won. The institution of sport presents a unique set of boundaries to overcome with regard to gender equality in male-dominated sports. Both men and women take big risks when they forge new ground by competing in a sport that is traditionally dominated by the opposite sex. This paper will discuss the costs and benefits of women competing in predominately male-dominated sports by examining Karyn Kusama's Girlfight and Pumping Iron II: The Women. In Karyn Kusama's Girlfight (2000), Diana Guzman is a tough young woman, struggling to get by in a low-income area of the Brooklyn. After continued disciplinary problems in school, Diana channels her aggression into training to become a boxer. She fights to assert herself both inside and outside of the boxing ring: inside the ring, she proves that she is a strong and athletically talented young (woman) boxer; outside of the ring, she fights to define and prove herself in a broken home. After proving her strength when she defended her brother Tiny in a sparring match at the gym, Diana asks Hector to train her to become a boxer. Hector replies, "You can train, but you can't compete...you just can't. Girls don't have the same power as boys." Hector's response, and the response of most of the men in her life is indicative of the function and effect of power in the institution of sport. Michael Messner argues: "The structure and values of sport are largely shaped by, and in the interests of, those who hold power...power is not simply a top-down, one-way process in which dominant groups assert and enforce their rules, values, and beliefs over dominated groups. Rather, power is a process in which dominated groups may partially accept, but also attempt to redefine, negotiate, or even reject, the ruling group's rules, values, and meanings" (12). Diana proves to Hector, and her competitors, that her strength and athleticism are not only comparable to her male counterparts, but often far exceeds them.

Importance of Tolerance Essay

In the society that I have been raised in, I have always been taught to be accepting of others and not pass judgment on their race, culture or religion. I was told to leave my prejudice at home. In other societies, has this been the case as well? Through the close analysis and reading of four texts, I believe that this wasn’t the case and that intolerance and prejudicial attitudes were common. The four texts that I have chosen that show this is To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, The Help by Kathryn Stockett, The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. These texts have made the themes of intolerance and prejudice apparent and have also shown myself and other readers why it is important to have tolerance within a community, without prejudicial attitudes. In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, Lee explores the importance of tolerance through the character of Miss Maudie. Miss Maudie says, â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† The Mockingbird is like an innocent person, it doesn’t harm anyone. The author wants to show the reader that people who hurt or judge peaceful creatures show their lack of tolerance and compassion for humanity. The Mockingbird is an appropriate symbol for both Tom and Boo, they are both innocent, harmless creatures but have been subjected to false accusations from the community. Miss Maudie, like Atticus, believes that it is essential to accept people as they are. Judging people through prejudice eyes only marginalizes vulnerable individuals, creating a divided community. The close relationship between lack of tolerance and racism is shown by Tom’s trial. Harper Lee has effectively communicated the intolerance throughout the novel, mainly through the people of Maycomb. They believe Tom is guilty, without giving him a second look. This is based on the setting of the book which was during the 1940’s and as in The Help, white citizens blamed everything on coloured people, and believed that no one who was coloured would be innocent of crimes. The lack of tolerance and racial division in the community is similar to The Help by Kathryn Stockett, where the importance of tolerance is shown through the character of Skeeter. Skeeter says â€Å"I am neither thrilled nor disappointed by the news that they might let a coloured man  into Ole Miss, just surprised.† Skeeter is a white woman and most women of the time would be offended that a coloured man would even be considered entrance to university. In contrast with To Kill A Mockingbird, Stockett is communicating that coloured people are innocent and there is nothing wrong with them, much to another character Hilly’s beliefs that they have â€Å"diseases.† The author wants readers to think deep into tolerance in this time and how many coloured people were discriminated on purely because they were different and how White supremacists thought coloured people would hurt or harm them, because they were different and like many did towards Tom and Boo in To Kill A Mockingbird, many did this towards the maids in The Help. These two texts relate as both Harper Lee and Kathryn Stockett have both established very intolerant divided communities, and this consequently makes the reader think more into their society. Do we discriminate against races such as those from Asia because they have trouble speaking English? This text also intensifies the already questions within the readers minds about the people of that time and readers then compare the people in To Kill A Mockingbird and The Help to themselves. Are we fully tolerant of the differences in our bicultural environment? The lack of tolerance of individuals is established on not only a fictional level but also a historical level in The Book Thief. Through the narration of Death, we learn about tolerance and how one character, Hans Hubermann shows his tolerance of others. It is also through Death’s narration that we learn those who are intolerant of the Jewish race, such as the Nazi Party. What is very important to note is that Hans is German, and the Book Thief is set in the period of Nazism, and as history tells us, men such as Hans would despise Jews and believe all of Hitler’s anti-Semitism policies, and in general would be very intolerant of those who are not the â€Å"pure race.† Death says â€Å"In 1933, 90 percent of German’s showed unflinching support for Adolf Hitler. That leaves ten percent that didn’t. Hans Hubermann belonged to that ten percent.† The reason Zusak has chosen to use these words is to establish Hans as a character- who he is and how he is tolerant. Hans immediately connects with Miss Maudie and Skeeter as all three are people who we would expect to be intolerant but all share the same value: that everyone is the same and should be treated equally. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne also communicates how important tolerance is within a community.  This text centres on a woman who was convicted of adultery, and the text is set in Puritan times. This text is particularly important as it is not relevant to today’s society, as the three other texts are. The prejudice and intolerance towards a woman who committed adultery would be different in the 21st century. This is shown as the main character Hester Pryn ne was forced away from her loved ones when her sin came to light. She was a member of â€Å"as befitted a people amongst whom religion and law were almost identical†¦that the mildest and the severest acts of public discipline were alike made venerable and awful†. The community of her time was very highly based upon religion which is yet again, much like racism and intolerance, is not as common in today’s society. The circumstances that take place with Hester in the novel are not applicable today. In today’s society, we have more of an open society in which one is given more support from their family, government and the community in general when placed in a position such as Hester’s. We realize that adultery is a common occurrence and, therefore, the authority does not place punishment upon adulteresses. This connects strongly with the three other texts as people are more accepting of others in today’s society- we accept coloured people. The United States president is a coloured man, so we also respect them. W e look back at German history and feel remorse for the Jewish race, as we learn they did nothing. They were simply scapegoats. I strongly believe that over the time that the novels are set in, society has changed its values on prejudicial attitudes and as a whole, society is far more tolerant than ever before. After reading my texts and thinking more laterally about them, I strongly believe that today’s society has changed in a big way. These four texts have shown readers how society used to be and although they are merely fiction, they communicate real ideas. In both To Kill A Mockingbird, we think of America in the 1950’s and the racial disparities and the prejudice and intolerance that people such as Boo, Tom and Aibileen would have faced. Markus Zusak takes us straight back to Hitler’s autocratic fascist reign in The Book Thief and we learn even more about intolerance attitudes, but also learn about tolerant characters like Hans, and like Miss Maudie in To Kill A Mockingbird. In the final book, The Scarlet Letter, we see yet again how society has changed. We no longer discriminate against people because of their personal choices or who they are. Through these texts, readers have  learnt this and apply it to their real life and are also thankful that we are tolerant. Thankful that we aren’t killing innocent people, hating on others because of their skin colour or because they simply made a mistake. I am personally glad that society has experienced this change because who knows of what consequences we as a societal whole would be facing today.

Compilation of Recipes

COMPILATION OF RECIPES (Asian and Western Cuisine) SUBMITTED BY: Group 1: Jelica Louise Pascual David Therese Daryll Santos Janine Crister Valencia Mary Joy Jose Reyes Cristoni Fajardo Ariez Murayag 3-D BIT (Food Technology) SUBMITTED TO: Ms. Johna Coffi Felipe PHILIPPINE CUISINE Entree: Kare-Kare (Vegetable Stew) Ingredients: * 3 lbs Pork pata (or any other meat of your choice) * 1 small banana flower bud (sliced) * 1 bundle of Pechay or Bok-choy * 1 bundle of string beans (cut into 2† slices) * 4 pcs eggplants (sliced) * 1 cup ground peanuts * ? cup peanut butter * ? cup shrimp paste (bagoong) 34 ounces water (about 1 liter) * ? cup annatto seeds (atsuete) soaked in a cup of water * ? cup toasted ground rice * 1 tbsp garlic (minced) * 1 large onion (minced) * Salt and pepper Procedure: 1. In a large pot, bring the water to a boil 2. Put in the pork followed by the onions and simmer for 2. 5 to 3 hrs or until tender (35 minutes if using a pressure cooker) 3. Once the meat is t ender, add the ground peanuts, peanut butter, and coloring (water from the annatto seed mixture) and simmer for 5 to 7 minutes 4. Add the toasted ground rice and simmer for 5 minutes . On a separate pan, saute the garlic then add the banana flower, eggplant, and string beans and cook for 5 minutes 6. Transfer the cooked vegetables to the large pot (where the rest of the ingredients are) 7. Add salt and pepper to taste. Serve hot with shrimp paste. Enjoy! (Yields 6) Gising-gising Ingredients: * 1kg assorted seafood (shrimp, squid, tuna & cooked mussels) * 4 tbsp butter * 2 large garlic cloves * 1 small onion * 100g broccoli * 100g cauliflower * 100g string beans * 100g snow peas * 100g carrots * 1 small red capsicum * 3 tbspn oyster sauce 4 tspn dark soy sauce * 1 tspn sugar * 1-2 tspn chili paste or 2 bird eye chili (deseeded and chopped) * cornstarch slurry (1 tablespoon water + 1 1/2 tbspn cornstarch) * good pinch of ground black pepper Procedure: 1. In a large wok/pan, heat (medi um high) the butter and saute the garlic and onions. Add in the fish and squid pieces, stir for awhile till they become slightly cooked. Stir in the shrimps. 2. Keep in stirring mixture till the shrimps turns light orange. Add in your mussels and saute for another minute. Pour in your prepped vegetables and stir fry for around 2-3 minutes. . Season with sugar, ground pepper, oyster sauce, chili sauce and dark soy sauce. Reduce the heat into medium heat, give the mixture a good stir and let it simmer. Pour in the cornstarch slurry (stir before pouring) and quickly mix the mixture to evenly distribute the slurry to the sauce. Simmer it for another 1-2 minutes and test the vegetables by eating some pieces of it, it should be crunchy but cooked. Sauce will thicken by this time, so keep on stirring for even cooking but be careful so that you don’t break the fish pieces too much. 4. Pour Gising! Gising! Seafood Extreme) in a large serving bowl or a large sizzling plate and serve wh ile it’s still hot. (Yields 8) Dessert: Ginataang Bilo-bilo Ingredients: For the bilo-bilo, sticky rice dumplings * 1-1/2 cup glutinous rice flour * 3/4 cup water For the stew * 2 13. 5-ounce cans coconut milk * 1 cup water * ? cup uncooked small  sago  (tapioca pearls) * 1/2 cup  jackfruit, sliced lengthwise into strips * ? cup sweet potato (diced) * ? cup ripe Saba (diced) * 1/3 cup sugar Procedure: Knead the rice flour and water in a mixing bowl to make a smooth dough that holds together and separates cleanly from the bowl.With floured hands, pinch off a small piece of dough, roll into a ball like a marble roughly the size of a penny. Place the rolled dough on a plate and cover with a damp towel until they are all ready to be cooked. Bring coconut milk and water to a boil in a large pot over medium to high heat. Add  sago  and simmer covered over low heat for 20 minutes. Add bilo-bilo, sweet potato, Saba, jackfruit, and sugar. Simmer until sago  and bilo-bilo  are cooked through, about 20 minutes more. Stir occasionally to keep sago and bilo-bilo  from sticking to the bottom of the pot.For a thinner stew add more water and adjust the sweetness by using more or less sugar. Ladle the stew in bowls, serve warm with more sliced jackfruit. (Yields 4) Dessert: Tibok-tibok Ingredients: * 6 cups carabao's milk * 50 grams glutinous rice powder * 150 grams cornstarch * 1 cup sugar * grated rind of 2 limes (dayap) * oil or butter * greased banana leaf 1   In a wok, mix carabao's milk, glutinous rice powder, cornstarch, and sugar. Cook at low heat, stirring mixture constantly. 2   Add rind and stir continuously with a wooden spatula until smooth and thick.Carefully dip finger or the handle of a wooden spoon into the mixture. 3   When it no longer sticks to the finger or spoon, remove mixture from heat. 4  Ã‚  Grease  a 9-by-9-inch square pan with oil or butter then top with a greased banana leaf. 5   Pour mixture in and spread evenly. Let mixture cool then top with latik. Makes one 9-inch square pan. CHINESE CUISINE Entree: Chicken and Bean Sprout Salad Ingredients: * 400 grams Bean Sprouts * 300 grams Chicken Breast * 1 tsp Soy sauce * 2 tbsp Onion chives (chopped) * 1 tbsp Vinegar * 1 tsp Sugar * 1 tbsp Soy Sauce * Pinch garlic (chopped) 1 tbsp Peanut oil * 1 tbsp Sesame Oil * Salt and pepper (ground) Procedure: 1. To prepare the sauce, mix together all the ingredients in a bowl, and season with a little salt and pepper. Allow to stand for 20 mins. 2. Meanwhile, cook the bean sprout for 20 mins in boiling water. Drain and refresh under cold water. Set aside to drain completely. 3. Sprinkle the chicken with the soy sauce and steam in Chinese Bamboo Steamer over a large pan or wok for about 15 mins, until cooked through. 4. Remove the chicken from the steamer, set aside to cool, then thinly slice. 5. Mix together the bean sprouts and chicken.Pour over the sauce and serve. (Yields 4) Dessert: Sago and Fruit Jelly Ingredients: * 175 grams sago * 1 liter water * 2 tbsp gelatin * 220 grams fruit cocktail * 70 grams raisin * 125 ml evaporated milk * Sufficient raisins, strawberries and grapes Procedure: 1. Bring 1 liter of water to a boil. Add in sago and stir continuously until sago is nearly glassy. Remove from heat, cover and set aside for 20 min. 2. Dissolve gelatin in 125 ml hot water. 3. Combine fruit cocktail, raisins, evaporated milk with the sago mixture. Add in gelatin mixture, stir well and pour quickly into mould.Chill in the refrigerator until set. Invert on plate, garnish with raisins, strawberries and grapes. Serve. (Yields 5) JAPANESE CUISINE Entree: California Maki Ingredients: * cooked Japanese rice (in a rice cooker, cook 2 cups short-grain Japanese rice in 3 cups water) * bowl of water * nori (seaweed) sheets, cut in half * wasabi * Mayonnaise * ripe mango slices * cucumber slices * crab sticks * bamboo sushi mat Procedure: 1. Spread rice on the sushi mat, leaving half an in ch of margin on the edge. 2. Then lay half a nori sheet in the rice.On the nori, lay out crab sticks, mango slices, and cucumber slices lengthwise. Finish with mayonnaise. 3. With the help of the sushi mat, roll up sushi and seal tightly but gently. 4. Using a very sharp knife, slice into 1-inch rounds. Cut firmly straight down. Dessert: Dorayaki Ingredients: * 4 eggs * 140 grams (2/3 cup) sugar * 2 tbsp honey * 1 cup All Purpose flour * 1 tsp baking powder * 1-2 tbsp water * 520 grams sweetened red bean paste Procedure: 1. In a large bowl, combine eggs, sugar and honey until the mixture gets fluffy. 2. Sift flour and baking powder to the bowl and mix.Keep in the refrigerator to rest for 15 min. 3. Stir in ? Tbsp of water at a time to get the right consistency. It should be a little bit thicker than pancake batter. If the batter is too thin, Dorayaki buns will be too flat and not fluffy. 4. Heat a large non-stick frying pan on medium-low to medium heat. Dip the paper towel in oil an d coat the bottom of the pan with the oil. The pan should be slightly oiled but shouldn’t be visible. That’s the secret to get nice texture on the surface of Dorayaki. With a ladle, drop the batter from 1 foot above the pan to create 3 inch diameter â€Å"pancake†.When you see the surface of batter starts to bubble, flip over and cook the other side. Transfer to a plate and cover up with damp towel to prevent from drying. Continue making pancakes. 5. Make sandwich with red bean paste. Put more red bean paste in the center so the shape of Dorayaki will be curved (middle part should be higher). Ready to serve. (Yields 16 pcs) KOREAN CUISINE Entree: Bibimbap Ingredients: Kimchi Ingredients: * 1 large Chinese or Napa Cabbage * 1 gallon (4l) water * 1/2 cup (100g) coarse salt * 1 small head of garlic, peeled and finely minced one 2-inch (6cm) piece of fresh ginger, peeled and minced * 1/4 cup (60ml) fish sauce * 1/3 cup (80ml) chili paste or 1/2 cup Korean chili powd er * 1 bunch green onions, cut into 1-inch (3cm) lengths (use the dark green part, too, except for the tough ends) * 1 medium daikon radish, peeled and grated * 1 teaspoon sugar or honey Procedure: 1. Slice the cabbage lengthwise in half, then slice each half lengthwise into 3 sections. Cut away the tough stem chunks. 2. Dissolve the salt in the water in a very large container, then submerge the cabbage under the water.Put a plate on top to make sure they stay under water, then let stand for 2 hours. 3. Mix the other ingredients in a very large metal or glass bowl. 4. Drain the cabbage, rinse it, and squeeze it dry. 5. Here’s the scary part: mix it all up. Some recipes advise wearing rubber gloves since the chili paste can stain your hands. 6. Pack the kimchi in a clean glass jar large enough to hold it all and cover it tightly. Let stand for one to two days in a cool place, around room temperature. 7. Check the kimchi after 1-2 days. If it’s bubbling a bit, it’ s ready and should be refrigerated.If not, let it stand another day, when it should be ready. 8. Once it’s fermenting, serve or store in the refrigerator. If you want, add a sprinkle of toasted sesame seeds over the kimchi for serving. Storage: Many advise to eat the kimchi within 3 weeks. After that, it can get too fermented. INDIAN CUISINE Entree: Chicken Roti Ingredients: * 2 tablespoons ground turmeric * 1 tablespoon crushed dried chili flakes * 1 tablespoon cumin seeds * 1/2 tablespoon coriander seeds * 1/2 tablespoon ground cloves * 1/2 tablespoon ground ginger * 1/2 tablespoon garlic powder 1/2 teaspoon yellow mustard seeds * 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper * 1/2 teaspoon ground allspice * 1/8 teaspoon ground cinnamon * 2 teaspoons salt * 1/4 cup vegetable oil * 1 chicken, cut into 8 pieces * 2 cups chopped onion * 1 tablespoon minced garlic * 2 teaspoons minced fresh ginger * 2 sprigs fresh thyme * 1/2 hot pepper, such as Scotch bonnet or serrano, seeded and finely c hopped, or to taste * 2 cups chicken broth * 1 can unsweetened coconut milk * 1 tablespoon light brown sugar * 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh cilantro * 1 recipe West Indian Bread for Roti, recipe follows, breads kept covered and warmProcedures: In a medium skillet or saute pan combine the turmeric, chili flakes, cumin seeds, coriander seeds, cloves, ginger, garlic powder, mustard seeds, pepper, allspice, and cinnamon and cook, shaking the pan frequently, until spices are fragrant and just beginning to smoke. Remove from the heat, transfer to a shallow plate and allow to cool completely. Transfer to a coffee grinder or spice mill and process until very finely ground. Reserve 6 tablespoons of the spice mixture separately and transfer the remainder to an airtight container and save for another purpose.In a mixing bowl combine the chicken, 2 tablespoons of the curry powder, 1 teaspoon of the salt and 2 tablespoons of the vegetable oil and set aside, covered, for 20 minutes. In a la rge Dutch oven, heat the remaining 2 tablespoons vegetable oil, and, when hot, add the chicken pieces and cook, turning occasionally, until golden brown on all sides, about 8 minutes. Add the onion, garlic, ginger, thyme, hot pepper if using, and remaining 4 tablespoons curry powder and cook, stirring, until the vegetables are soft, about 4 minutes. Add the chicken broth, coconut milk, and brown sugar and bring to a simmer.Add the remaining teaspoon of salt, and cook, stirring occasionally, until chicken is very tender and falling from the bone and the sauce has reduced enough to coat the back of a spoon, about 1 1/2 hours. Stir in the cilantro and adjust seasoning, if necessary. (Note: traditionally, curried chicken roti is eaten with the chicken still on the bones. If you prefer otherwise, at this point you can remove the chicken from the sauce and remove the meat from the bones and then return the meat to the sauce before serving. ) Serve the chicken and sauce ladled into the cen ter of the roti breads, then fold both sides over the filling.Fold the top and bottom ends over the sides to form a neat square package, and serve. West Indian Bread for Roti: * 4 cups all purpose flour * 2 tablespoons baking powder * 1 teaspoon salt * 1 tablespoon vegetable oil, plus more for cooking roti * 1 cup water Procedures: To make the breads, combine the flour, baking powder and salt in a mixing bowl and make a well in the center. Combine the oil and water and add this mixture to the well. Using your hands, mix to form a dough. Knead for about 5 minutes, or until the dough is smooth. Divide the mixture into 6 balls of dough and set aside for about 2 hours, covered with a damp kitchen towel.On a lightly floured surface, roll each ball of dough into a thin, flattened circle about 9 inches in diameter. Set aside, covered, until ready to cook the breads to serve. (Do not stack. ) Heat a large griddle or 12-inch skillet over high heat and add 2 teaspoons of vegetable oil. When h ot, add the bread dough and cook until brown spots form on the bottom, about 1 minute. Turn the bread and cook on the second side, about 1 minute longer. Transfer to a large plate or baking sheet and cover with a damp towel to keep warm while you prepare the remaining breads.Yield: 6 large roti breads Dessert: Almond and Fruit Jelly Ingredients: * 4 1/2 ounces agar powder * 1 teaspoon almond extract * 1 1/2 cups water * 1 1/2 cups fresh milk * 1/4 cup granulated white sugar * 1 can (30 ounces) fruit cocktail Procedure: 1. Combine milk and agar powder. Stir 2. Add almond extract and mix well. Set aside. 3. Boil water and put-in sugar. Stir until well dissolved. 4. Pour-in the agar and milk mixture and let boil while gently stirring. 5. Let the temperature cool down then transfer to a shallow contaner. 6. Refrigerate for 2 to 3 hours. . Slice the jelly into squares and mix with the fruit cocktail. 8. Serve for dessert. Share and enjoy! (Yields 6) INDONESIAN CUISINE Entree: Nasi Goreng Ingredients: * 2 cups long-grain rice, rinsed * 2 1/2 tablespoons kecap manis * 1 tablespoon Yeo's Dark Soy Sauce * 1 tablespoon sweet chilli sauce * 1/4 cup peanut oil * 4 eggs, lightly beaten * 1 brown onion, thinly sliced * 1 teaspoon sambal olek (see note) * 3 garlic cloves, finely chopped * 1 teaspoon shrimp paste * 1 carrot, peeled, finely chopped * 1 small chicken breast fillet, chopped 300g green prawns, peeled, deveined, roughly chopped * 3 green onions, thinly sliced * 1/4 small Chinese cabbage, finely shredded * 1/4 cup fried shallots (see note) * thinly sliced red chillies, to serve Procedures: 1. Cook rice following absorption method on packet until just tender. Drain. Transfer to a baking tray. Fluff rice with a fork. Cool to room temperature. Cover and refrigerate for 2 hours or until cold (see tip). 2. Combine kecap manis, soy sauce and sweet chilli sauce in a jug. Set aside. 3. Heat a wok over high heat until hot. Add 1 teaspoon oil and swirl to coat.Add one-quarte r of beaten egg and swirl to form a thin omelette. Cook for 30 seconds or until egg sets. Slide onto a board. Repeat with oil and egg, in 3 batches, to make 4 omelettes. Roll up omelettes and thinly slice crossways. 4. Heat remaining 2 tablespoons oil in wok over high heat. Add brown onion, sambal olek, garlic, shrimp paste and carrot. Stir-fry for 1 minute or until aromatic. Add chicken. Stir-fry for 1 to 2 minutes or until sealed. Add prawns. Stir-fry for 2 minutes or until prawns turn pink. Add rice, soy mixture, green onions and cabbage. Stir-fry for 3 to 4 minutes or until rice is heated through.Toss through half the sliced omelette. 5. Spoon nasi goreng onto serving plates. Top with remaining sliced omelette. Sprinkle with fried shallots. Serve with sliced chillies. Gado Gado Ingredients: * 1 thinly sliced medium sized fresh cucumber,  ) * 1 cup of string beans cut into 4 cm long pieces, * 1 cup of shredded cabbage, * 1 cup of mung bean sprouts, * 2 small chayotes cut into w edges For the sauce: * ground roasted peanuts, dried shrimp paste (terasi), sugar, salt, and water * Blanch and strain string beans, mung bean sprouts, cabbage and slice 1 cucumber. Grind these ingredients with a mortar and pestle until they’re smooth: 1 ts salt, 2 ts dried shrimp paste, , and ? cup’s worth of sugar. Procedure: 1. Add 1 cup of finely ground roasted peanuts (or 1 cup of peanut butter) and grind it all some more until it’s mixed well. If you use peanut butter instead of ground roasted peanuts, add less salt because there’s salt in the peanut butter. 2. Add ? cup of water and mix it well. 3. Transfer the vegetables to a serving plate and pour the sauce on top of it or mix all the vegetables with the sauce in the mortar before serving. (Yields 2) SatayIngredients: * 8-12 skinless chicken thighs, cut into thin strips * 1 package wooden skewers SATAY MARINADE: * 1/4 cup minced  lemongrass  , fresh or frozen * 2 shallots OR 1 small onion, sl iced * 3 cloves garlic * 1-2 fresh red chilies, sliced, OR 1/2 tsp. to 1 tsp. cayenne pepper, to taste * 1 thumb-size piece ginger, thinly sliced * 1 tsp. minced fresh turmeric OR 1/2 tsp. dried turmeric * 2 tsp. cumin * 3 Tbsp. soy sauce * 4 Tbsp. fish sauce * 5-6 Tbsp. brown sugar * 2 Tbsp. vegetable oil Procedure: 1. If using wooden skewers, soak them in water while you prepare the meat. 2.Cut chicken into thin strips and place in a bowl. 3. Mix all marinate ingredients. Mix well. 4. Taste-test the marinade – you will taste sweet, spicy, and salty. Add more sugar or more fish sauce (in place of salt) to adjust the taste. You can also add more chili if you want it spicier. 5. Pour the marinade over the meat and stir well to combine. Allow at least 1 hour for marinating, or longer (up to 24 hours). 6. When ready to cook, thread meat onto the skewers. Tip:  Fill up to 3/4 of the skewer, leaving the lower half empty so that the person grilling has a â€Å"handle† to e asily turn the satay during cooking. 7.Grill the satay on your BBQ, OR on an indoor grill, basting the first time you time it with a little of the leftover marinade from the bottom of the bowl. Depending on how thin your meat is, the satay should cook in 10 to 20 minutes. (Yields 2-4) VIETNAMESE CUISINE Entree: Pho (Rice Noodles) Ingredients: * 2L (8 cups) salt-reduced chicken stock * 2 thick slices ginger * 1 onion, thinly sliced * 2 garlic cloves, sliced * 1/3 cup (80ml) fish sauce * 375g vermicelli rice noodles * 400g chicken breast, very thinly sliced * 1 cup (80g) bean sprouts * 1 long red chilli, seeds removed, thinly sliced 1/3 cup each of basil, mint and coriander leaves, to serve Procedure: 1. Place stock and 2 cups (500ml) water in a saucepan with ginger, onion, garlic and fish sauce. Bring to the boil, then reduce heat to low. Cover and simmer for 20 minutes. Strain, discarding solids, then return soup to pan. Cover and return to the boil. 2. Meanwhile, prepare noodles ac cording to packet instructions. Drain well. 3. Divide the noodles among warmed soup bowls, then top with the sliced chicken. Pour over the hot soup mixture (the heat will gently cook the meat) and top with the bean sprouts. Serve garnished with chilli and fresh herbs. Yields 4) Vietnamese Salad Rolls (Spring Rolls) Ingredients: * 1 (8 ounce) package  rice vermicelli * 8 ounces  cooked, peeled shrimp, cut in half lengthwise * 8  rice wrappers (6. 5 inch diameter) * 1  carrot, julienned * 1 cup  shredded lettuce * 1/4 cup  chopped fresh basil * 1/2 cup  hoisin sauce * water as needed Procedure: 1. Bring a medium saucepan of water to boil. Remove from heat. Place rice vermicelli in boiling water, remove from heat, and let soak 3 to 5 minutes, until soft. Drain, and rinse with cold water. 2. Fill a large bowl with hot water. Dip one rice wrapper in the hot water for 1 second to soften.Lay wrapper flat, and place desired amounts of noodles, shrimp, carrot, lettuce and basil in the center. Roll the edges of the wrapper slightly inward. Beginning at the bottom edge of wrapper, tightly wrap the ingredients. Repeat with remaining ingredients. 3. In a small bowl, mix the hoisin sauce with water until desired consistency has been attained. Heat the mixture for a few seconds in the microwave. 4. Serve the spring rolls with the warm dipping sauce. SPANISH CUISINE Entree: Paella Ingredients: * 2 tablespoons vegetable oil * 1 onion, finely chopped * 4 or 5 large cloves garlic, minced 1 tablespoon finely minced gingerroot * 1 teaspoon ground annatto (achiote) * 1 cup long-grain rice * 3 ounces cured chorizo, diced * 2 medium tomatoes, coarsely chopped * 2 cups chicken or fish stock * 1 tablespoon fish sauce * Several good grinds of black pepper * 1/2 to 3/4 pound fresh shrimp, peeled and deveined * 1/2 cup fresh or frozen peas * Pimiento-stuffed olives * sliced hard-boiled egg, for garnish (optional) Procedures: * Heat the oil in a medium, heavy saucepan and sau te the onion, garlic, and gingerroot over moderate heat, stirring, until the onion wilts and the mixture becomes aromatic. Stir in the annatto and mix well, then add the rice and the diced chorizo and cook, stirring, for a few minutes. * Add the tomatoes, stock, fish sauce, and black pepper. Mix well, bring to a simmer; then cover and cook over low heat for 10 to 15 minutes. * Stir in the shrimp and the peas, then cover and continue to cook over low heat until all the liquid has been absorbed and the shrimp have turned pink, about 5 to 10 minutes. Remove from the heat and let stand, covered, for 5 to 10 minutes before serving. Spoon the paella into a serving dish or platter and garnish with the olives and hard-boiled egg, if desired.Soup: Sopa de verduras con pollo (Vegetable soup with chicken) Ingredients: * 2 turnips * 5 carrots * 3 leeks finely chopped * 1 stem celery * 3 medium potatoes * ? chicken * salt Procedures: Peel and chop all ingredients except the chicken put in a potà ‚  with 500 ml  of water; add the chicken and a trickle of oil; boil for 3/4  of an hour at low heat. Add water if necessary  and season with salt. Remove the chicken and split into pieces and  replace it  in the soup. Serve it hot. Appetizer: Garlic-cheese bread Ingredients: * french bread * butter with garlic ham * cheese Procedures: * slice the bread * spread the butter with garlic * and then toast in pan * after that top the ham * together with cheese on top Dessert: Tocinillo de cielo – Golden caramel custard Ingredients: * Ingredients: * 6 egg yolks * 250 g of sugar * 300 ml of water For the caramel: * 1 tbsp of sugar * 1 tbsp of water Procedures: Put the sugar in a saucepan with the water and heat until the syrup goes golden brown. Cover  6 small moulds evenly and put to one side. Put the sugar and water in an earthenware dish and heat until the syrup goes stringy.Beat the egg yolks and slowly add the syrup, stirring as you pour. Strain and pour  the cara melised mixture into the 6 small moulds. Cook in a bain-marie in the oven at 150? C for around 15 to 20 minutes. When the  custard has set, remove from the oven, leave to cool and take it out of the moulds. Serves 6 people. Beverage: Granizado de limon o frutas – Iced lemon crush Ingredients: * grated zest and freshly squeezed juice of  8 lemons or the juice of 4 lemons and add the rest with other fruit juice * 150 g sugar * crushed ice Preparation:Put the zest and sugar in a saucepan with 250 ml cold water and bring to the boil for 5 minutes. Strain. Add 500 ml col water and the lemon juice or the mix of lemon and fruit juice. Pour into a freezerproof container and freeze for about 1 hour until ice crystals have formed around the edge. Break up with a fork and serve. Add extra crushed ice, for serving. To Ms. Johna Coffi Felipe†¦ To our professor of two semesters.. You gave us strength.. We are glad you were our teacher.. Thank you for giving us courage.. You made u s better persons.. You gave us confidence in ourselves..Thank you for your patience. You helped us see what we could be.. You have inspired us deeply.. And for that, we will never forget you.. One unknown author had said.. â€Å"Teachers are like the candles, which consume themselves to brighten the lives of others. † Mam, you are just like that.. Thank You Very Much for staying with us in two semesters! Even though we know we’ve stressed you out with our very hard heads. We will miss you.. We hope you’ll miss us too May God Bless You All The Time! Love always, Group 1 Ariez and Cristoni w/ the Teletubbies (Kayo po nagbansag samin nyan! XD)

Linguistic Register and Code Switching

Linguistic Register and Code Switching Linguistic Register and Code Switching Linguistic Register and Code Switching By Mark Nichol â€Å"Linguistic register† refers to the concept of adapting one’s use of language to conform to standards or traditions in a given professional or social situation, and writers and editors will benefit from recognizing the distinction between registers. The five general categories follow: Intimate register is the highly informal language used among family members and close friends, and may include private vocabulary known only to two people or a small group, as well as nonverbal cues exclusive to the pair or group. Casual register is the informal language of a broader but still well-defined social group, and includes slang, elliptical and elided sentences, and frequent interruption. Consultative register is moderately formal language that marks a mentor-protege or expert-novice relationship, such as that between a doctor and a patient or a teacher and a student. Formal register is language spoken between strangers or in a technical context. Frozen register is ritualistic or traditional, as in religious ceremonies or legal proceedings. Various registers, therefore, are distinguished by not only by sophistication of vocabulary but also by complexity and regularity of grammar and syntax. It is vital to note, however, that register is associated not with the speaker or writer but with the professional or social environment; a person can conceivably, within a given day, communicate in each of the five linguistic registers in assorted interpersonal interactions. A related term is diatype, which means â€Å"language distinguished by the professional or social purpose,† and is often distinct from dialect, which means â€Å"language spoken by an individual or a group,† though a particular form of language may qualify for both definitions. The three factors in diatype are field, or subject matter; mode, or the form of communication (written, spoken, and so on); and tenor, or the participants and their professional or social relationships. Mode is further defined by the degree of preparation whether the communication is improvised or prepared, or somewhere in between and by the rhetorical purpose, including expository, narrative, or persuasive. Another term relevant to linguistic register is code-switching, which varies in meaning but for our purposes refers to flexibility in adhering to a register within or between communications. One of the most noticeable examples of code-switching in U.S. urban areas is the divergent use by black people of standard American English and Black English (appropriately, known in a more formal register as African American Vernacular English). The difference between speech among adolescents and their conversations with parents and other authority figures is also code-switching. Writers and editors must be at least subconsciously aware of linguistic register. In fiction, a given character may necessarily shift among several, if not all, degrees in a given story, and the character’s fidelity to the appropriate register in each situation will in part determine the writer’s success. Nonfiction also relies on attention to linguistic register, in that a topic for one article or essay may require consultative register, while another may call for casual or formal register and the writer must sometimes consider whether code-switching within one piece is an appropriate strategy. (You get my drift?) This discussion does not suggest that writers and editors must dispassionately analyze writing for technical adherence to linguistic register in order to succeed. But wordsmiths who recognize the distinctions will be more successful in facilitating communication in both informational and creative prose. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Does "Mr" Take a Period?One Scissor?

Dude and Dudette

Dude and Dudette Dude and Dudette Dude and Dudette By Maeve Maddox The greatest Dude of all is without question Jeff â€Å"the Dude† Lebowski. But when did the word dude become a title to aspire to? When I was growing up, dude was a word to denote a somewhat prissy man concerned with nice clothes and clean fingernails. We even used the word as a verb: Well, look at you in that fancy outfit! You’ve really duded up for the occasion. In the context of the Wild West, a dude was an inexperienced Easterner or European being introduced to the rougher manners of the frontier. Once the West was tamed, the â€Å"dude ranch† came into being: a working ranch that catered to guests who wanted to play at being cowboys and could pay well for the privilege. The OED defines dude as â€Å"A name given in ridicule to a man affecting an exaggerated fastidiousness in dress, speech, and deportment, and very particular about what is aesthetically ‘good form.’† The first documented use of the word is from 1883. The OED citations indicate that it originated as American slang to describe young men who affected the dress, manners, and speech of an English gentleman. The Online Etymology Dictionary says that dude may derive from Yankee Doodle, a plausible idea, considering the lyrics of the song: Yankee Doodle went to town Riding on a pony; He stuck a feather in his hat, And called it â€Å"macaroni.† Macaroni was mid-18th century British slang for an Englishman who affected Continental fashions and behavior, incurring the ridicule of fellow citizens who valued â€Å"plain Englishness.† The American dude affected what to Americans were overly fastidious British mannerisms. According to Online Etymology Dictionary, dude to mean fellow, chap, buddy, guy, individual, etc. was in use by 1966, â€Å"originally in Black English.† Google Ngram Viewer shows the use of dude rising precipitately from the 1960s to the present. Dudette as the feminine of present-day dude is a recent surfer slang coinage dating from the early 1990s. Its existence is not yet acknowledged by OED, M-W, or the Ngram Viewer. Feminine forms existed for the earlier dude as well: dudine and dudess. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know"Certified" and "Certificated"Neither... or?

Benefits,Limitations, Pitfalls and Challenges Essay

Benefits,Limitations, Pitfalls and Challenges - Essay Example ore, through strategic planning, the organization is able to identify the influence of changes in the environment on the organization and their directions. In addition, strategic planning creates awareness of potentials, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the organization. Other benefits include provision of necessary information to support decision-making and enhancement of the growth process. In fact, through a strategic plan, poor performing are identified in order to improve the locus of control concerning operational problems. It also facilitates development of effective communication within and outside the organization (Taylor, 1984). Lastly, it offers a roadmap that indicates the directions for the company to follow and explains the way to achieve various objectives through development of substantial coordination. On the other hand, there are challenges experienced in the process of strategic planning such as ensuring the commitment of top-level management. This is due to the nature of strategic planning, whereby it contributes to reduction of executive decision-making power. Moreover, it facilitates involvement in the organization thereby empowering people to engage in decision-making (Hax & Majluf, 1996). Consequently, this can result to decision-making role from the executive to the employees and stakeholders. Therefore, strategic planning can lead to impediment of changes and discourage disruptive considerations by the organization. On the other hand, it discourages creativity and innovation given that it fails to handle these

Networking Strategy and professional development Module 1 Questions Essay

Networking Strategy and professional development Module 1 Questions - Essay Example An understanding of the client’s background is essential as it helps the mentor to grow professionally. The other benefit of mentoring in the networking process is that it helps the mentor to gain professional satisfaction through the expertise that he or she shares with the clients (Crawford, 2007). Mentoring can also be regarded as essential as it helps the mentor to add value to his or her career. This is because the mentor gets an opportunity to utilize his or her skills and gain insights from the professional relationships with the mentees. Mentoring in the networking process can also be regarded to be of immense benefits to the mentee. The mentee benefits through gaining expertise from the mentor. Thus, the mentee can sharpen his or her skills. The mentee also gets an opportunity to learn some skills, which may be of immense help in the mentees personal development. In addition, the mentee benefits since he or she gets to know more about the organization, its policies, rules, as well as the culture of the organization (Whittaker & Cartwright, 2000). Networking can be regarded as one of the essential elements when it comes to the building of successful careers. Therefore, any person wishing to succeed in his or her career should consider networking with other professionals in his own field. Networking helps in building successful careers since most jobs may not be advertised. As such, networking is essential as it helps the job seeker to gain awareness and knowledge about a certain job that may be advertised. Networking is also essential in building a successful career as it helps the job seeker to be well prepared for interviews. This is because networking can help job seekers have full knowledge about the requirements of an interview. As a result, they will have an easy time during the interview and they will mostly likely get the job (Dirks, 2009). The most effective networking strategy for job search is becoming members of professional